The state must invest in all citizens—and all groups of citizens—for the future development and capacity of the state. The effects of this investment are almost instantaneous and have led to the rise of a global middle class. Human capital development has changed the very definition of education in a globalized economy, where new methods of problem-solving and technical skills are critical for a society’s success. Investments in higher education and public health are invaluable tools for a state to address poverty and social immobility, promote competitive industries and drive innovation.