Relief and development organizations use various methodologies to map populations, households and individuals that are vulnerable to different shocks – economic and resource shocks, natural disasters and climate change, conflict and violence, health crises and disease and more. This Recovery & Resilience Note provides a short overview of vulnerability mapping and offers a few examples of different kinds of methodologies, with an eye toward developing an approach to identify individuals and households in the U.S. at greater risk of health and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.