State Effectiveness


For a state to be effective, it must carry out a core set of governance capabilities that meet citizens’ expectations and earn public trust while setting the conditions for economic and market development. Effective and accountable states must also participate in a global community of nations, which is governed by shared international norms and standards. ISE works to refine concepts and frameworks for governance, economic and civic engagement, and international relationships.

Ten Functions of the State


ISE’s underlying methodology begins with the Ten Functions of the State. These interrelated functions inform the constellation of rules, policies and institutions that deliver on citizens’ expectations and aspirations. From the Rule of Law–the glue that binds the functions together–to building Human Capital and effective Asset Management for the public good, the Ten Functions of the State provide a framework for understanding and improving the compact between citizens and government. While not an exhaustive list, the Ten Functions offer a common starting point for understanding a state’s responsibilities to its citizens and designing solutions to some of the toughest challenges facing today’s societies. Explore the Ten Functions and our analysis.

State of the State


There is an urgent and universal need to develop an agenda and framework for reimagining the state’s ability to understand and meet evolving citizen expectations and support a global order that works in the interests of all sectors of society. ISE’s State of the State initiative aims to reinvigorate a collective agenda on state effectiveness by listening to leaders and citizens alike to assess emerging global trends impacting the role of the state, build on the lessons of the last decade of reform and statecraft, and explore the “how-to” of making the state more effective and legitimate. This multi-year dialogue aims to design a forward-looking Agenda for the State for the next 10-15 years that can align the efforts of different stakeholders, bridge communities of practices and help guide future policy and academic directions. Read more about the challenges and opportunities facing the state-centric international model here.

The Case of Finnish Transformation: Balancing Growth with Equity

One of the most interesting characteristics of Finland’s long-term ascent of many of the world economic and governance indicators has been how, instead of focusing on problems, it tended to adopt a pragmatic, solution-based approach.…

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Nobody Owes Us Anything: Self-Destruction to Self-Reliance in Rwanda (2010)

How has Rwanda generated uniquely Rwandan solutions through leveraging its assets to national regeneration? What were the key elements of the Rwandan government’s reform program, and how did it balance robust economic growth with reconciling…

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Statecraft for the 21st Century: Learning from Success - from the Commonwealth Ministers Reference Book

Billions of dollars are being spent on development of the poorest countries by the taxpayers of the wealthiest, but the outcomes often fall short of the goals. A renewed approach to securing peace, security and…

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International Organizations Weak State Strategies: Case Study: The African Union

This paper reviews the progress of the African Union (AU) in promoting governance, democracy and economic growth across Africa. It welcomes the formation of the AU affiliate, New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). This paper…

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Guinea-Bissau: Translating Potential into Reality

Current approaches in the Guinea-Bissau reached an impasse as the government struggled to balance competing urgent needs, the population’s desire for tangible change, and longer term institutional reform. This paper suggests a new approach whose…

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Nepal: From Stalemate to State-Building

This paper considers how to resolve Nepalese political stalemate. It argues that progress on constitution-making requires agreement on core constitutional principles to underpin it. It then sets out recommendations to catalyze positive change, overcoming narrow…

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