The state must invest in all citizens — and all groups of citizens — for the future development and capacity of the state. The effects of this investment are almost instantaneous and have led to the rise of a global middle class. Human capital development has changed the very definition of education in a globalized economy, where new methods of problem-solving and technical skills are critical for a society’s success. Investments in higher education and public health are invaluable tools for a state to address poverty and social immobility, promote competitive industries and drive innovation.